Theft by taking refers to what action?

Theft by taking specifically refers to the unlawful act of taking and carrying away property that belongs to someone else with the intent to deprive the owner of its possession. This aligns directly with the definition of theft as it embodies the essential elements: taking control of another's property without permission and an intention to permanently or temporarily deprive the owner of that property.

The other options do not accurately define theft by taking. While possessing stolen goods pertains to a crime related to receiving or harboring items gained through theft, it does not involve the act of taking itself. Shoplifting, while a form of theft, might not encompass all situations that fall under theft by taking as it specifically pertains to theft from retail establishments. Withholding payment for services does not involve taking property and is more related to contract violations or disputes over services rendered, thus falling outside the context of theft.

Therefore, the correct answer highlights the fundamental characteristic of theft by taking, emphasizing the unlawful acquisition of property belonging to another.