Which of the following constitutes being a party to a crime?

Being a party to a crime typically involves actively engaging in or facilitating the criminal act. The definition of being a party to a crime includes actions that intentionally aid or abet the commission of that crime. This could mean providing assistance, encouragement, or support to the person committing the crime. The law recognizes that those who assist in the perpetration of a crime share in the culpability for that crime, as they have contributed to the unlawful act in some capacity.

In contrast, merely witnessing a crime without taking action does not meet the threshold for complicity, nor does being physically present at the scene of a crime automatically implicate a person as a participant. Reporting a crime to law enforcement also does not equate to being a party to the crime; rather, it reflects a response to criminal behavior that is opposite to participation. Thus, only the act of intentionally aiding or abetting directly links a person as a party to the crime.